Tuesday, January 28, 2020
Private military contractors Essay Example for Free
Private military contractors Essay Introduction            Private military contractors, also known as private security contractors provide a number of different services for the UN military in Iraq. Various services include the preparation of meals, navigating army supply vehicles, military training and security for US officials. Some private military contractors also provide interrogation and translating services for the US military. Contractors providing this service in particualr have been suspected of a number of human rights abuses at the Abu Ghraid Prison. Other activities by private military contractors have raised issues about humanitarian conerns and the abuse of womren’s rights.  There are currently at least 100 private military contractors in Iraq.[1] This discussion looks at the unique role of private military companies in Iraq and examines their impact on the rights of women. Private Military Companies in Iraq            The US military and the State Department spends billions of dollars on private security contractors in Iraq.[2] These contractors according to the Washington Post are: â€Å"Out of public view, have been engaged in a parallel surge, boosting manpower, adding expensive armor and stepping up evasive action as attacks increase.†[3]            The primary goal is to â€Å"offset chronic troop shortage†and the number of invidual contractors are between 20,000 and 30,000.[4] David Isenberg in a report by the British American Security Information Council published on September 4, 2004 maintains that it is impossible to accurately account for the number of private military companies currently in Iraq. This is because only PMC’s whose contracts exceed $50 million are required â€Å"to be reported to Congress.†[5]            Isenberg complains that the legal status of private military companies is especially problematic since there is no real provision in International law to account for their role and definition.[6] While many view the private military personnel as mercenaries, they do not fit the definition of mercenry within the meaning of the Geneva Convention.[7] Article 47 describes a mercenary as an idividual who takes part in military combat and is not a national and: is motivated to take part in the hostilities essentially by the desire for private gain and, in fact, is promised, by or on behalf of a Party to the conflict, material compensation substantially in excess of that promised or paid to combatants of similar ranks and functions in the armed forces of that Party.[8]            James Conachy however, refers to these private military personnel as â€Å"modern-day mercenaries.†[9] Conachy aligns their physical presence with their abstract presence. While they are by and large not subjected to transparency and legal accountability in the traditional sense they operate out of uniform and from â€Å"unmarked vehicles†.[10] They go about their business in this manner while â€Å"manning roadblocks, or stalking outstide building, with machine guns.†[11] As a result, the private militaray presence in Iraq has â€Å"become an ubiquitous and offensive symbol of the US occupation.†[12]            Conachy maintains that the need for private military presence in Iraq is obviated by the bredth of US military deployment overseas following the September 11 terrorist attacks. Without the use of private military companies the US would be compelled to send more troops to Iraq from an already depleted armed force or would have to seriously consider â€Å"reviving the military draft.†[13] It is obvious from this assessment of the single purpose of the private military that distinguishes them from the Article 47 definition of mercenary. Mercenaries are not aligned to a paritcular party and obviously the private military contractors are aligned to the US and are used to facilitate the US military’s shortfall.            The following description of private military duties takes them well outside of Article 47’s definition of mercenary: â€Å"Far more than in any other conflict in United States history, the Pentagon is relying on private security companies to perform crucial jobs once entrusted to the military.†[14] It is clear that private military companies are not in actual combat. Mercernaries, according to the Geneva Convetions are actively fighting . Human Rights Concern and Women            In an article published in the Guardian, Luke Harding explains that the full extent of abuse toward women by all sectors of the military in Iraq will not be fully known. This is primarily because Islamic women rarely discuss violations of a sexual nature. Rape, Harding maintains is a symbol of shame in the muslim world and â€Å"victims can be killed to salvage family honour.†[15] The most shocking incidents of abusive treatment of women originate from the Abu Ghraib jail which was primarily manned by private military personnel.[16] Accroding to Patrap Chatterjee the private military’s role at the Abu Ghraib jail was one of interrogation which brought them into more frequent contact with the prisoners than other jail personnel.[17]            The International Committee of the Red Cross reported that in October 2003 there were approximately thirty female prisoners in the Abu Ghraib jail.[18] According to prison personnel, that number was reduced to five by May of 2004.[19] The Internation League for Peace and Freedom had documented some eye witness accounts of abuse at the Abu Ghraid jail. One such account was given to Iman Khamas who heads the International Occupation Watch Center, a private organization that collects anti-human rights information. The account came from a former prisoner who told Khamas of a rape incident at the jail. Khamas reports that the prisoner recalls that: â€Å"†¦ the prisoner said her cellmate had been rendered unconscious for 48 hours. ‘She claimed she had been raped 17 times in one day by Iraqi police in the presence of American soldiers.’[20]            Another report originated from Mohammed Daham al-Mohammed who heads an Iraqi group, the Union of Detainees and Prisoners. According to a-Mohammed he was informed of a â€Å"mother of four†who had been arrested in December of 2003 and killed herself after being raped by US guards who forced her husband to watch while incarcerated at the Abu Ghraib jail.[21]  According to the woman’s sister the rape victim committed suicide.[22] The victim had told her sister of incidents of physical abuse outside of the rape. In one account she recalled a American male pulling her by the hair and forcing her to look at her husband while the American took off her clothing. After this incident the rape took place. Once released, the woman was afraid to face her husband since he had witnessed the rape and asked her sister to help her commit suicide.[23]            A former male prisoner reported incidents where women were constantly removed from their cells to private rooms. The prisoner explains: They had to pass in front of our tent and cried out, Find a way to kill us.[24] Human Rights groups explain that rape for a Muslim woman shames the entire family which is why these women would rather die having suffered a rape.[25] Khamas recalls an incident in which she visited a woman at the Abu Ghraid jail and a female prisoner told her about a rape, but whispered in her ear despite the fact that no one else was present.[26]            Khamas, Mohommed and Hoda Nuaimi, a professor in politics at Baghdad University report that: â€Å"†¦three young rural women from the Sunni Muslim region of Al-Anbar, west of Baghdad, had been killed by their families after coming out of Abu Ghraib pregnant.Nuaimi said that in the case of another such woman, who was four months pregnant, her brother had been reluctant to kill his sister because he considered her a victim.†[27]            Luke Harding reports that the first information about abuse of female victims at the Abu Ghraib jail, a US facility first came to light by a note smuggled out of the prison by a female prisoner.[28] In the note the woman claimed that women were being raped by US personnel and many of them had become pregnant. The note also begged the Iraqis to â€Å"bomb the jail to spare the women further shame.†[29]            Swadi, a female lawyer among seven representing the female detainees indicated that the abuse was not limited to the Abu Ghraib jail and was happening all over Iraq.[30] The shame associated with rape and the consequence for family disgrace were evident in the following account from a female prisoner at al-Kharkh, a US military base: She was the only woman who would talk about her case. She was crying. She told us she had been raped†¦Several American soldiers had raped her. She had tried to fight them off and they had hurt her arm. She showed us the stitches. She told us, We have daughters and husbands. For Gods sake dont tell anyone about this.’†[31]            Luke Harding also reports that an investigation conducted by the US Military which was headed by Major General Antonio Taguba confirmed the contents of the note smuggled out of the Abu Ghraib facility. Moreover, digital photographs, according to Tajuba’s findings also depitcted US personnel engaging in sexual contact â€Å"with and Iraqi woman.†[32] Tajuba’s investigation also found videotapes of nude female prisoners.[33] There are additional photographs of Iraqi women being forced at gun point to â€Å"bare their breasts.†[34] While these photographs have been relased to Congress they have not been released to the public.[35]            In May of 2004: â€Å"an Iraqi woman in her 70s had been harnessed and ridden like a donkey at Abu Ghraib and another coalition detention centre after being arrested last July.†[36] UK Labor Member of Parliament Ann Clwyd investigated the incident and confirmed that it was in fact true. The Iraqi elderly woman had been held without charge for at least three weeks during which time â€Å"she was told that she was a donkey.†[37]            Luke Harding explains the devastating consequences for female rape victims which only accentuates the abuse involved. According to Harding: â€Å"Honour killings are not unusual in Islamic society, where rape is often equated with shame and where the stigma of being raped by an American soldier would, according to one Islamic cleric, be unbearable. The prospects for rape victims in Iraq are grave; it is hardly surprising that no women have so far come forward to talk about their experiences in US-run jails where abuse was rife until early January.†[38]            At the time of writing, Harding describes another incident of physical and mental abuse agianst female detainees in Iraq in which the private military personnel are activiely involved. Five women, according to Harding were being held in â€Å"solitary confinement†in cells measuring just 2.5 meters in length and 1.5 meters in width at Abu Ghraib.[39] Captain Dave Quantock who was then in charge of the prisoners at Abu Ghraib told journalists that all female prisoners at Abu Ghraib are kept â€Å"in solitary confinement for 23 hours a day.†[40] The only entertainment the women are allowed is access to the Koran.[41]            Mystery surrounds the grounds upon which the five females in solitary confinement are held. The general term used is that they are held as â€Å"security detainees.†[42] Swabi maintains that these women are being held â€Å"for who they were married to and their potential intelligence value.†[43] Be that as it may, the degree of abusse cannot be justified. Under both US and International laws the cruel and inhuman treatement of prisoners at anytime is unlawful.            International humanitarian laws contained in the Geneva Conventions 1949 of which the United States ratified since 1955 requires that during times of war and peace all prisoners are to be treated humanly.[44] More over the Geneva Convention IV specifically prohibits rape and indecent assault on women. Article 27 provides as follows: â€Å"Women shall be especially protected against any attack on their honour, in particular against rape, enforced prostitutiOn, or any form of indecent assault.†[45]            Judicth Gail Gardam and Hillary Charlesworth argue that women have always been at risk of violence in armed conflict. Although the emphasis has always been on sexual violence there have been other forms of violence against women. Gardam and Charlesworth note that the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action called for governments worldwide to map out plans for combatting: â€Å"the effects of armed or other kind of conflict on women, including those living under foreign occupation.†[46] The Iraqi conflict and occupation and the violence against women is therefore nothing new. What is perhaps more surprising is the fact that it could happen in light of international laws and attention to violence against women in the past. Conclusion            An irony arises out of these reports. The US invasion has been called â€Å"operation Iraqi freedom†which presupposes a vastly humanitarian effort. Yet in the course of fighting for Iraqi freedom, those sent to fight for the cause have added to the problem. Roger Normand alleges that the US personnel in Iraq are: â€Å"†¦violating almost every law intended to protect civilians living under foreign military occupation.[47] While many of these crimes are being committed by private military companies,  the world at large and the Iraqi populace draw no distinction between the US soldiers and the security companies employed by them to help the cause. The private military and security personnel are agents of the US government and as such the US government is vicariosuly liable for the misconduct of the private miliatary contractors. As long as they are permitted to continue working with and for the military and as long as they continue to violate international law particularly article 27 of the fourth Geneva Convention, the US must take responsibility for the ills committed by them. They cannot take the benefit without the burden.  Bibliography Center for Economic and Social Rights.(n.d.) â€Å"New Report Documents Extensive U.S. War Crimes In Iraq†. Available online at: http://www.ccmep.org/2004_articles/iraq/061104_CESR.htm Retrieved December 11 2007 Chatterjee, Pratap. (May 12, 2004) â€Å"Private Contractors and Torture at Abu Ghraib, Iraq.†Democracy Now. Available online at: http://www.democracynow.org/2004/5/12/private_contractors_and_torture_at_abu Retrieved December 11, 2007 Conachy, Jamers. (May 3, 2004) â€Å"Private Military Companies in Iraq: Profiting from Colonialism.†International committee of the Fourth Amendment. Available online at: http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/may2004/pmcs-m03.shtml Retrienved December 11, 2007 Fainaru, Steve. (June 16, 2007) â€Å"Iraq Contractors Face Growing Parallel War: As Security Work Increase, So do Casualties.†Washington Post Gardam, Judith, Gail and Charlesworth, Hillary. (Feb. 2000) â€Å"Protection of Women in Armed Conflict†. Human Rights Quarterly Vol. 22 No. 1 pp 148-166 Geneva Convention Harding, Luke. (May 12, 2004)†Focus Shifts to Jail Abuse of Women.†The Guardian. Harding, Luke. (May 20, 2004) â€Å"Rape in Iraq: The other prisoners.†The Guardian. Isenberg, David. (Sept. 4, 2004) â€Å"A Fistful of Contractors: A Case For a Pragmatic Assessment of Private Military Companies in Iraq.†British American Security Information Council, Research Report. Kabbara, Rouba. (May, 29, 2004) â€Å"Human Rights Groups: Iraqi Women Raoed at Abu Ghraib Jail.†Peace Women Available online at: http://www.peacewomen.org/news/Iraq/May04/Women%20in%20Prison.html Retrieved Deember 10 2007
Monday, January 20, 2020
Business Challenges :: essays research papers
     Becoming a CEO of a company whether it’s big or small, is a huge task to take on, but can be the most rewarding depending on how your company does. Either way when going into such a job, in which you are so powerful, you have to think of each and every challenge that you come across within your job. Challenges that your company will face can vary in many different ways, from environmental issues, to social issues, economic issues, as well as many more      For my company, Staples, I have worked in the store since I was 15, going through quite a few managers. Luckily I got to meet people very high in the corporation, such as the president and vice president of the company, and I could see how stressful their jobs have been. As being the CEO of Staples there are many problems that can come into effect. First thing that comes to mind is competition. Our competitors Office Max, and Office Depot are our biggest threat in the office supply business. Our company holds about 1100 stores, while they have about 700 each, and each day they take away business from us. We have to fluctuate our prices with what’s popular for that time of season, such as pens, notebooks and computers for back-to-school, and make sure our prices are more convenient for the customer.      The second dilemma that comes to mind is geography. Considering we have over 1000 locations, we have to figure out where the appropriate places for a new store would be. For instance if we only have 2 stores in Maine, we can’t put them together, yet we need to put them in a somewhat populated place, that would be most convenient for the business customer. For us, globalization is not a very big problem considering that we only have one store in France, one in Germany, and two in Puerto Rico.      As for a third challenge is technology. Everything is becoming on-line, and on the Internet. Some people can’t go out to the store everyday do but something they need, and each store can’t carry every product. So as a CEO the best solution is to put them online so people can shop at home, and have the products shipped to their doorstep. Also by having staples.com available in store, if the store itself is out of a product, just order it.
Sunday, January 12, 2020
Are We Living in a Surveillance Society?
We might think no one else either knows or cares what we get up to, as long as we compliance the law, unless we are a celebrity. But with massive development of technology, that is no longer the case and I totally agreed with the statement that we are living in a surveillance society. Moreover, I strongly believed that the level of surveillance will grow even further in the future. If we use loyalty cards or credit cards we can earn points and receive money off vouchers, but we also allow retailers keep data on what we've bought and where we've bought it. The money we spend on credit cards is also monitored to check for any unusual spending patterns, which could indicate the card has been stolen. With the increasingly sophisticated technology, using internet becomes a daily activities of most of the people especially those who live in town. However, when we use the internet, records are kept about what we've been searching for, that can help if we want to log back on and do a similar search, but sad to say, it also means the provider keeps detailed information about our surfing habits. The same thing happen when we use the Global Positioning System (GPS). It not only will guides us any destination that we want to go, but also alerts us to speed and traffic light cameras on the way  ¬ which record our progress. Besides, when we use our mobile to call anyone, this will be logged by the telephone company and could be used by police to locate where the phone was at the time. In short, if this issue continues to develope, we would not have any freedom again as our daily life will be monitored. Thus, I hope that appropiate steps should be taken to solve this problem before our life become no privacy at all.
Saturday, January 4, 2020
Ocd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - 131367 Words
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD This page intentionally left blank COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD DAVID A. CLARK THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London  © 2004 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved Paperback edition 2007 Except as noted, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher. Printed in the United States of America This book is printed on acid-free paper. Last digit is print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 LIMITED†¦show more content†¦However, by the late 1980s and early 1990s, behavioral researchers like Paul Salkovskis and Jack Rachman were advocating a more integrative theory and treatment of OCD, an approach that amalgamated the behavioral treatment of OCD with Beck’s (1976) cognitive theory of emotional disorders. From these two theoretical perspectives on clinical disorders, a new cognitive-behavioral approach to o bsessions and compulsions was born. In many respects, my own professional development has taken a path similar to that seen in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for obsessional states. My roots are in the behavioral tradition, dating back to the early 1980s when I was a graduate student at the Institute of Psychiatry in London, England. My interest in OCD and unwanted intrusive thoughts was sparked by the stimulating discussions and innovative research of the clinical faculty, most notably Jack Rachman and Padmal de Silva. My doctoral thesis on the psychophysiology of mental control and unwanted intrusive thoughts was an outgrowth of their insights into the pathology of obsessional thought. vii viii Preface In the late 1980s, I was introduced to the cognitive perspective on clinical disorders by Aaron T. Beck. I was privileged to spend a few months at the Center for Cognitive Therapy in Philadelphia, where I received training in Beck’s therapy approach. Over the last 15 years I haveShow MoreRelatedOcd Speech991 Words  | 4 Pagespersonally suffer from OCD, I have met people who do. I do, however, believe that everyone has something in his/her life that requires repetition until perfection. For instance, when I draw or create artwork, it has to be perfect down to the last pencil, pen, crayon, paint, or charcoal mark. If even one thing is out of place, it will bother me and I will constantly dwell on it until it is fixed. This is not truly a form of OCD, but it does give me a taste of what those who suffer from OCD go through on aRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1429 Words  | 6 PagesObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric illness that is characte rized by two traits: obsessions and compulsions (Storch et al., 2007). The obsessions are typically thoughts that are both repetitive and intrusive in nature, while the compulsions are actions performed to decrease the anxiety induced by these obsessions. OCD occurs in about 1-4% of the population and often symptoms arise in childhood and can continue throughout one’s life depending on the level of treatment received and the levelRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1601 Words  | 7 PagesBrief Overview Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized by constant intrusive thoughts (obsessions) that normally cause anxiety or distress which can only be alleviated by performing repetitive actions (compulsions) (Rahimi, Haghighi, and Shamsaei, 2015). Nearly everyone has experienced something similar to these obsessions and compulsions at some point in their life but this experience can only be labeled as OCD when it occurs at least one hour per day andRead More Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Essay example1575 Words  | 7 Pagescompulsive disorder (OCD). It was once thought that OCD was rare; however, recently it has been found that 2-3% (or 7 million Americans) of people have OCD. People with OCD are usually diagnosed by between the ages of 20 and 30, and about 75% of those who will develop OCD will show symptoms by age 30. (1) This leads to a couple questions that need to be answered: What is OCD? What causes it, and what is the most effective tr eatment? These questions will be answered throughout the paper. OCD is an anxietyRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )974 Words  | 4 Pagesdisorders have different attributes and characteristics which makes them unique and requires different treatments too. one of these mental disorders that quite a number of people suffer from – whether they are conscious about it or not – is obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). But what is OCD? How does it affect our daily lives? What is OCD? obsessive compulsive disorder, often referred to as OCD, is a mental health disorder that may affect people of all gender, age and walks of life. It is a commonRead MoreObsessive-Compulsive Disorder Essay939 Words  | 4 Pagesknown as OCD, is a psychiatric anxiety disorder that is characterized by recurrent, unwanted thoughts along with repetitive behaviors. These unwanted thoughts are called obsessions and the repetitive behaviors are called compulsions. Repetitive behaviors such as hand washing, checking, counting, and cleaning are usually performed with the hope of making these obsessive thoughts go away or even preventing them. These repetitive behaviors are often referred to as ‘rituals’. People with OCD performRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1224 Words  | 5 PagesDisorder, otherwise known as OCD, has on an individual. The paper will explain and interpret the link between obsession and compulsion that is characteristic of being diagnosed with OCD. In addition, this paper will describe the impact having this disorder can have on an individual in their day to day lives. This paper will clearly articulate exactly what the definition of having OCD is and how often it is self-diagnosed in error. In addition, the paper will provide symptoms along with real world examplesRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1114 Words  | 5 PagesIntroduction Obsessive compulsive disorder is influenced by neurological factors with symptoms such as repeating steps, continuously washing their hands, and having a fear of objects like germs. Although there is no cure, there are treatments such as medication and therapy that can help lessen the patient’s anxiety and discomfort. What is obsessive compulsive disorder? Obsessive compulsive disorder also known as OCD, is an anxiety disorder. People who have this disorder have repetitive thoughts andRead MoreThe Identification and Treatment of OCD Essay1221 Words  | 5 PagesThere are many different aspects to the identification and treatment of OCD and this paper attempts to identify classic symptoms and theorized risk factors/causes. In addition it explores the viable treatment options and evaluates the efficiency of each in alleviating symptoms while discussing how each treatment functions to facilitate recovery. Furthermore, it assesses the extent to which the treatments may be used together to maximize effectiveness and then provides a probable prognosis. VerifyingRead MoreObsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd )1602 Words  | 7 PagesAccording to the Obsessive Compulsive Disorder foundation ( (International OCD Foundation, 2016), â€Å"OCD is a medical brain disorder that causes problems in information processing.†They compare OCD to a brain spasm; the brain freezes on a certain thought and cannot move forward. The brain is incapable of dealing with thoughts of worry or doubt. This causes many side effects that can clearly distinguish a person as OCD. Obsessive compulsive disorder is a disease that many people know of, but few people
Friday, December 27, 2019
The Movie Carrie Essay - 837 Words
Carrie stared out the window of the car at the endless plains outside. People always described this kind of scenery as boring or dull, yet Carrie enjoyed looking at it. She needed the reminder that vast open spaces such as this still existed. After living with her father in the big city for nearly three years, Carrie had had enough. Moving back to her childhood home was a tough decision, but she needed to see something natural and the city parks would never be enough. Nobody can really enjoy a city park; the officials chase down and ticket those who â€Å"abuse†the grounds. Carrie collected quite a few tickets for, of all things, climbing trees. People climbed trees all the time where Carrie came from and the worst that happened was a scraped knee or a broken branch. â€Å"And how is John? It’s been a while since we last talked.†Carrie’s aunt Susan, the driver of the car, tried but failed to mask the concern in her voice. Carrie’s father wasn’t exactly communicative at the best of times, and at the worst of times people said he was antisocial. The last time Susan and John had actually talked was before the move. â€Å"He’s doing a lot better, Aunt Sue. He actually seems to like his new job at the accounting firm and he’s made a few friends in the city.†â€Å"John, making friends? Well I suppose people can change after all. It was hardly healthy for him to shut everyone out like he did.†â€Å"I’m also glad he’s talking to people now. He’s a lot happier without her always running his life.†â€Å"OhShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie Carrie 1245 Words  | 5 PagesCarrie was more of a quiet person who never did anything to anyone. She worked hard on her grades. She wasn’t a very outgoing person. Carrie’s hair was dyed pink, she usually wore ripped jeans and plain t-shirts. Alison on the other hand was the total opposite of Carrie. Alison was known as the school bully. She never did her homework, and she was loud and outgoing and not to mention very mean. Alison had black hair and usually wore shorts and t-shirts. Both Carrie and Alison had blue eyes. OneRead MoreBullying and Carrie935 Words  | 4 Pages Female Gothic Elements in Carrie In the movie Carrie, depict many ideas of the female gothic. This dark and chilling movie is about a young girl, named Carrie, with a overly religious mother, that is a outcast at her school. To make good after a traumatizing bullying, one of her tormentors, Sue Snell makes her popular boyfriend go to the prom with Carrie. During the whole movie there is evidence of assault, deception and betrayal, such like her mother’s wrath. Carrie had the desire to remain withRead MoreParenting And Religion In Stephen Kings Carrie 1214 Words  | 5 PagesIn Stephen King’s Carrie, later turned into a movie produced by Kevin Misher, with a screenplay by Lawrence D. Cohen Roberto Aguirre-Sacasa, Carrie White is a young girl who is subject to mental and physical abuse. With a mother who believes life should revolve around praying, and being religious, Carrie finds it nearly impossible to fit in socially. Due to dealing with her mother’s religious intensity, Carrie can’ t live the normal life she longs for. Carrie’s home environment is toxic in suchRead MoreMovie Sex And The City1735 Words  | 7 Pages The romantic comedy movie Sex and the City was centered on four main characters. The story was told in the point of view of the main character, Carrie Bradshaw. For the purpose of the concept analysis paper, we were told to evaluate possible characters who may exhibit possible mental disorders. According to MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary (2015), a mental disorder is define as the disorganization of emotions, personality, and mind that have a serious impact on the normal psychological functioningRead MoreEssay on To Dance With The White Dog982 Words  | 4 Pagesones own. In both stages of life one is usually helpless and dependent on others. This is why old age is usually considered ones second childhood. In the movie To Dance with the White Dog, Sam Peek had a hard time adjusting to his second childhood. He did not like the fact that he eventually would have to rely on his children Kate and Carrie to take care of him. After his wife Cora died, Sams children felt it was their responsibility to take care of him. They believed that he was going senile becauseRead MoreFear and Confusion in films Psycho and Carrie Essay831 Words  | 4 PagesFear and Confusion in films Psycho and Carrie In horror films, there is always one scene that opens up the perceived realm of normality to that of fear and confusion. Directors and authors alike use these scenes to show the change in the pace of the film. In both the movie Psycho (1960) and Carrie (1976), shower scenes are used to mark this epic turning point with sexuality, blood and voyeurism; the most important ingredients to horror. The idea of sneaking aroundRead MoreIron Jawed Angels By Katja Von Garnier1651 Words  | 7 PagesElizabeth Cady Stanton, and many others in 1890. Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, two of the younger women suffragists, join the NAWSA (the National American Woman Suffrage Association) to try to push for the constitutional amendment for women’s suffrage. Carrie Catt and Anna Shaw allow Alice Paul and Lucy Burns to take over the Washington D.C. NAWSA committee, but Alice and Lucy would have to raise their own funds for the committee. When Alice and Lucy first get to Washington D.C., Alice and Lucy go aroundRead MoreThe Evolution of Bullying Over the Years882 Words  | 3 Pagesthe â€Å"bully†. This is how bullying is evolving, we used to have big, physical bullies and now we have a computer screen or cellphone controlled by God knows who. Bullying is changing and a good way to see these changes are through the films, Carrie (1976) and Carrie (2013). These films have the same storyline but each one has a high school environment according to the time they were filmed. Because times are changing and our culture is becoming more technologically advanced, the issue of bullying becomesRead MoreThe Sound of Music And The Sound of Music Live!731 Words  | 3 PagesThe Sound of Music is one of the most favorite musical film movies of all time. The movie was first introduced to the audience in 1965, and it received popular attention from the public and five Academy Awards including Best Picture. The movie’s plot revolves around Maria, a young woman who has to leave the convent to become a governess at the Von Trapp family due to a request from the head nun. During the time at the Von Trapp’s house, Maria finds her affection grows bigger every day with the sevenRead MoreCGI Essay1104 Words  | 5 Pagesbut it’s starting to be the new big thing in films everywhere. Have you watched a movie lately and found yourself thinking, didnâ⠂¬â„¢t that actor die two months ago? Just know that youre not crazy, because they did in fact die two months ago. What youre seeing in that movie is in fact the actor, who died months ago, but now he is appearing with the help of Computer Generated Images(CGI). Maybe you just saw a new movie and wondered, how the heck did they do that, CGI baby! It looks all perfect and effortless
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
dracula - 1785 Words
Eun-Ah Lee Professor L. Tromly ENGL 1200 A01 5 April 2013 The Effect of Supernatural Aspects on the Victorian Society Bram Stoker s Dracula, presents an interesting perspective on death and illness in the Victorian period. This can be viewed as a creativity on Stoker s part, or as a form of religious or social commentary on his changing era. There are several flaws presented throughout the novel as the plot unfolds, which are: characters in the novel dismiss the old traditional belief of the supernatural, the constant power struggle between the sexes and the Victorian views on sexuality. The supernatural or metaphysical aspects presented in Dracula reflect the tragic flaws of the patriarchal society during the Victorian Era. One†¦show more content†¦This was the era of the confronting New Woman , who strove to be emancipated both politically and sexually, a concept which much of the society at the time found highly seditious and unsettling. Not only is the idea of the New Woman despised by the society, but the concept of a patri archal society changing towards modernity poses as a threat to the Victorian men. For example, Lucy is the first victim of Dracula in England who turns into a vampire and the men are shocked at the appearance of what she has changed into: My own heart grew cold as ice, I could hear the gasp of Arthur as we recognized the features of Lucy Westenra. Lucy Westenra, but yet how changed(196). Dr. Seward is the speaker of this quote and he is horrified by Lucy s transformation because the former Lucy had characteristics of an ideal Victorian woman; which is to be frivolous and naà ¯ve. However, now she is a woman who is carnal and unspiritual, which is the perceived danger represented by the New Woman . This posed a threat to the upper middle-class heterosexual Protestant male in the society because the New Woman is thought to be equal to men. In addition to the society moving towards modernism, due to the contagion of an ancient creature, the gender roles are constantly in flux. For instance, a wolf controlled by Dracula kills Lucy, Mina allowed Arthur Holmwood toShow MoreRelatedDracula, Gothic And Epistolary Novels Of Dracula And Bram Stokers Dracula1357 Words  | 6 Pagesinformation and old European folktales to create famous Gothic novels like Dracula; Before writing Dracula, he studied for eight years stories of vampires. The title of Stoker’s story has historical significance to Vlad Dracul the 3rd, a Wallachian ruler who impaled his victims on stakes. Bram Stoker also was influenced by his lifetime, before the publication of Dracula, Gothic and Epistolary novels were on the rise hence why Dracula is classified as both. Stoker’s life as a Victorian can be seen in hisRead MoreDracula853 Words  | 4 Pagesmade people fear them by terrifying his reader’s with his persona Dracula. The Count has been known to be a very complex character with many odd quirks and traits. Nowadays these have been changed or kept by our new generation o f authors to fit different types of bloodsuckers, but Dracula has been the starting point for all. All vampires have the craving for the blood of humans. Without this blood they could not survive. In Dracula multiple vampires drank human blood, and one was even using childrenRead MoreDracula And Dracula Essay1760 Words  | 8 PagesCPT Formal Essay Dracula: Lucy, Mina, and the Similarities Differences Between Them Dracula, a novel which had originally been written by Bram Stoker in 1897, is commonly classified as a ‘horror novel’ by the majority of its readers. However, when putting the novel through further analysis, the various symbols and themes of sexuality which the novel contains are brought to the notice of its readers, despite them being easily overlooked by their readers the first time the novel might be readRead MoreComparison Between Dracula And Dracula1108 Words  | 5 PagesDracula is one of the first famous vampire books. Although it is famous for its time, modern day vampire stories have produced some of the bestselling TV shows, books, and movies. Dracula laid the foundation down for these modern day stories to rise to popularity. If you have read Dracula and seen one of these new stories, then you can see a lot of similarities in both stories. These modern day stories share many traits as the book Dracula, but most of the stories have their differences. Th isRead More Comparison of Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula Essay1462 Words  | 6 PagesCompare/Contrast Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula A noticeable difference in the way movies have changed over the years is evident when comparing and contrasting two films of different eras which belong to the same genre and contain the same subject matter. Two vampire movies, Dracula and Bram Stokers Dracula, present an interesting example of this type of study. Comparing the 1931 version of Dracula, starring Bela Lugosi, with Frances Ford Coppolas Bram Stokers Dracula 1993 version yieldsRead MoreEssay on Dracula and Women in Bram Stokers Dracula1802 Words  | 8 PagesBram Stoker wrote the infamous novel, Dracula. This novel was composed in the style of letters, journal entries, newspaper articles and telegrams in order to convey to the reader a realistic story. The story of Dracula is about an ancient vampire who moves to London from his native country of Transylvania. In London, Dracula seduces and bites a young woman by the name of Lucy Westenra. When Lucy falls sick, no one knows how to help her because while Dracula has bitten her many times she has alwaysRead MoreViolence in Dracula1277 Words  | 6 Pagestypes of literature, violence exists to enhance the reader s interest in order to add a sense of excitement or conflict to a novel. This statement withholds much truthfulness due to the fact that without violence in a pie ce of literature such as Dracula by Bram Stoker, the plot would not have the same impact if it were lacking violence. So to holds true to that of the movie. The movie bares different characteristics then that of the book. First off, the whole ordeal with the wolf escaping and jumpingRead More Dracula Essay1456 Words  | 6 Pages Bram Stoker’s Dracula Lords of the darkness, Darkling Dancers, Nosferatu, Vrikolakas. And the list goes on like this. The vampire concept is thought by the most to be a myth that has crept into almost every culture. It has influenced many writers to write novels on them and many directors to shoot films on. Vampire myths go back way into the times of first recorded history. Many different legends are known about them varying from the Chinese belief of the glowing red eyed monsters with green orRead MoreCarmilla and Dracula1362 Words  | 6 Pagestwo gothic tales ‘Carmilla’ and ‘Dracula’ in relation to cultural contexts in which they exist as being presented to the reader through the gender behaviour and sexuality that is portrayed through the texts. Vampire stories always seem to involve some aspect of sexuality and power. Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu wrote Carmilla. It was first published in 1872 as part of the collection of short stories titles ‘In a Glass Darkly.’ Carmilla predates the publishing of Dracula by 25 years. Laura, who is alsoRead MoreThe Vampire Powers Of Dracula1373 Words  | 6 Pagespower in general, can take over a single person s mind. Power has the ability to brainwash the mind and control whoever and whatever. Dracula, the main character and Van Hesling are two power hungry characters in the novel that use their strength of power and thirst for control to use people and take advantage of their vulnerability. The vampire powers that Dracula invokes does have that characteristic of strength. His vampire powers as they are called are different from a human’s ordinary power
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Management theory of Mintzberg-Free Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Mintzbergs theory of Management. Answer: Introduction Henry Mintzberg is a Canadian management guru who is well known for his book Mintzberg on management: Inside our strange world of organization published in 1990 (Daft, 2016). This book explicitly defined 10 roles that every manager must play in order to lead the team and ensure productivity in the most efficient manner. These 10 roles are categorized in three areas: interpersonal, informational and decisional (Kinicki, 2016). These 10 roles of a manager a valid even today and various organizations provide training to their managers to learn from the same. In the fast paced lifestyle and growing industries, managers need to accomplish various tasks and it is imperative that they are able to fulfill various roles simultaneously. In such times, Mintzbergs theory of management comes as a handy tool for a manager to understand his responsibilities explicitly. During every situation that managers come across, one or the other aspect of Mintzbergs theory can be put into use to make the best out of that situation (McFarlane, 2011). This report throws light on how Mintzbergs theory is relevant even today and how the 10 roles of the manager compliment the role of managers in the current business scenario. 10 Roles of Managers Mintzberg defined that there are 10 roles that every manager must play at different stages of work (Mintzberg, 2013). These 10 roles are defined as below: Figurehead A Good manager must be someone that the team can look up to. A manager must be able to fulfill responsibilities and be able to set an example for the team (Menz, 2012). This quality of being able to inspire the team by being held in a high regard makes the manager a figurehead. Leader Being an efficient leader to the team is one of the key responsibilities of a manger (Northouse, 2015). As a manager, the performance recording, evaluation and improving the same for team members becomes a crucial task, this is where the manager must become an able and competent leader and guide the team in the right direction. Liaison Under the role of a liaison, the manager fulfills the responsibility the communicating the right information to internal as well as external stakeholders of the organization. This also requires the managers to be well connected and have a strong network. Monitor As a monitor, the manager must evaluate the performance as well as the wellbeing of the team. The manager must have a hawk eyes view on every detail of the organization and the industry (competitors) and work towards improving the same (Li, 2013) Disseminator As a disseminator the manager communicates useful and relevant information to the internal stakeholders specifically the team. The manager, upon his discretion, decides the information that must reach out to the employees within the organization. The channel of this communication is also decided by the manager and is aimed at increasing a sense of ownership and creating transparency. Spokesperson As a spokesperson, the manager communicates with the external stakeholders of the organization and helps the firm establish a brand image and increase brand awareness. The spokesperson in this case becomes the face of the organization and decides when, how and what information will reach out to which part of the audience. Entrepreneur As an entrepreneur, the manager aims to create and implement new ideas within the organization. A manager creates and controls changes within the firm and eventually leads to consistent innovation and firm expansion. Disturbance handler If an organization hits an unexpected roadblock, the manager plays the role of the disturbance handler in the organization by fixing what is to be fixed in a timely and efficient manner (Bernstein, 2011). In times of a dispute, the manager must take charge and help to mediate those clashes in an effective way. Resource allocator Deciding the most effective and competent use of the resources is also a foremost role of the manager. This applies to financial resources, human resources, and various other resources that are utilized within and outside the firm. The manager now only allocates them in the right places but also ensures attaining them in the first place. Negotiator For a manager, the role of a negotiator is crucial. This role comes into picture during business dealings with external clients, suppliers and media persons as well as within the team among employees of the firm. A manager must be able to find a common ground and way through important discussions. Relevance of Mintzbergs theory in current business environment The current business environment is extremely hectic and competitive for a manger. The roles played by the manager in different situations are varied and sundry. The sizes of the organizations are increasing and hence the responsibility of the mangers also widens. Every manager is required to manage a large team of employees and numerous stakeholders outside the organization. This is when Mintzbergs theory comes into picture. Let us look at the responsibilities and functions of the managers in the current business environment and relate them with Mintzbergs roles. Recruiting The foremost task of a manager is to recruit people. This requires ensuring that the right people are selected for the right job. The entire process of recruitment must be transparent and efficient and the employees selected must be given job roles to suit their competence and caliber. This is where the manager must play the role of a resource allocator. When the candidates are shortlisted, they must be hired at a salary that does not drain the firms resources. To accomplish the same, the manager must be an efficient negotiator. Planning Every business and every task requires advance planning before it can be implemented. It is the foremost responsibility of the manager to ensure that the tasks within the organization are well planned and follow all the required compliances. If a business undergoes any expansion, immense planning must be conducted to ensure the efficacy of the venture. Here it is imperative that the manager plays the role of an entrepreneur. Organizing Once the planning has been achieved, organizing the task comes into play. This includes setting up the organization culture, departmentalizing the team, deciding the span of control and ensuring efficient coordination within the organization. Upon organizing, the manager plays the role of resource allocator and monitor. Communication This is an ongoing task for the manager. This involves both communicating within the firm and outside. The manager upon discretion, decides which information must be shared with which stakeholder and via which channel. Here the manager plays the role of liaison, disseminator and spokesperson. This communications is aimed at creating transparency, sense of ownership and creating brand awareness. Business growth One of the key responsibilities of the manager is to ensure the business grows in a consistent manner. This requires being innovative and taking an active control in ensuring business growth. This also involves keeping a track of competitors and other players in the industry, tracking the industry environment and aiming to gain a competitive advantage. This can be accomplished when the manager plays the role of an entrepreneur and monitor. Conflict management Conflicts are a part of every organization. Whenever a group of people work together, it is only natural that they hit a roadblock and cause conflict. This conflict can also be within the organization as well as between the organization and its customers, suppliers, media persons and other stakeholders. During such times, it is the responsibility of the manager to resolve these conflicts in a timely and efficient manner by playing the role of a disturbance handler and negotiator. Sales and marketing Every business runs to make profits and these profits come about when the product or service offered by the firm is sold to customers. This is possible with the help of effective sales and marketing. The process of sales includes selling the product to customers and closing the deals which is accomplished by the manager in the role of a negotiator (Manning, 2015). The process of marketing involves making people aware about the product and increasing awareness to a larger audience. These promotional activities are achieved when the manager liaisons with the external environment. Decision making Decision making is the key responsibility of the manager and plays a role at every step. An effective manager but be quick and efficient with decision making (Tzeng, 2011). The various roles as defined by Mintzberg also include taking various decisions whether as an entrepreneur or as a disturbance handler. Training and development Training, coaching and development of employees is a crucial role played by the manager as the performance of the employees will shape the organization and lead to its growth (Gruman, 2011). The manager at all times must be a leader for the team and ensure that they are well trained and fulfill their responsibilities in a competent manner (Bolman, 2017). Financial management Finances are one of the most crucial resources of any organization. The manager must ensure that the firm makes a profit, does not spend or lose money unnecessarily, no department is underfunded and a continuous flow of funds in maintained (Brigham, 2012). When the manager plays the role of resource allocator, this can be accomplished. Performance management The performance of the team is directly related to the manager. Hence the manager must keep a hawk eyes view on the performance of team, evaluate it on a regular basis, and provide honest feedback and ensuring improvement. This is achieved when the manager becomes a monitor, sets clear target for the employees, ensure these targets are achieved and plan accordingly if they are not (Griffin, 2011). Motivation In the stressful world that we live in, it is important and beneficial if the manager is someone the team can look up to and motivate on a regular basis. This keeps the morale of the employees in place and encourages them to fulfil their responsibilities and achieve goals. The manager must become a true leader and a figurehead for the team in order to ensure that the team remained motivated to work hard (Raelin, 2011). This also helps in building and sustaining a positive atmosphere in the environment which in turn greatly impacts performance. Representation There are a number of public appearances that the manager needs to give in order to represent the team or organization. This is a big responsibility and the manager must be an efficient spokesperson in order to ensure that the brand image and positioning of the firm remains intact in the minds of the larger audience. Conclusion The business scenario is no longer what it used to be. The current era is of increasing competition and spreading globalization. Therefore the managers of the organizations have immense workload as well as they need to bear strong responsibilities on their shoulder. A manager must be able to play various roles as and when required by the organization. Mintzberg theory is extremely beneficial even in the current scenario. Although the ten roles defined by him were given in 1990, these roles are still applicable even today. The various responsibilities of the managers are effectively covered by the ten roles of Mintzberg and they completely suffice all the responsibilities that a manager needs to fulfill. In the report we have taken an example of various tasks that are accomplished by a manager and linked the same with Mintzbergs roles only to identify and conclude that Mintzbergs theory of management and its components effectively compliment the current business scenario. References Daft, R.L. and Marcic, D., 2016.Understanding management. Nelson Education. Kinicki, A., Williams, B.K., Scott-Ladd, B. and Perry, M., 2014.Management: A practical introduction. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. McFarlane, D.A., 2011. The leadership roles of distance learning administrators (DLAs) in increasing educational value and quality perceptions.Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration,14(1). Mintzberg, H., 2013.Simply managing: What managers doand can do better. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Menz, M., 2012. Functional top management team members: A review, synthesis, and research agenda.Journal of Management,38(1), pp.45-80. Li, Q., Maggitti, P.G., Smith, K.G., Tesluk, P.E. and Katila, R., 2013. Top management attention to innovation: The role of search selection and intensity in new product introductions.Academy of Management Journal,56(3), pp.893-916. Northouse, P.G., 2015.Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Bolman, L.G. and Deal, T.E., 2017.Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. John Wiley Sons. Raelin, J., 2011. From leadership-as-practice to leaderful practice.Leadership,7(2), pp.195-211. Gruman, J.A. and Saks, A.M., 2011. Performance management and employee engagement.Human Resource Management Review,21(2), pp.123-136. Brigham, E.F. and Houston, J.F., 2012.Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage Learning. Griffin, R.W. and Moorhead, G., 2011.Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning. Bernstein, J., 2011.Manager's guide to crisis management. McGraw Hill Professional. Tzeng, G.H. and Huang, J.J., 2011.Multiple attribute decision making: methods and applications. CRC press. Manning, G.L., Ahearne, M., Reece, B. and MacKenzie, H.H., 2015.Selling today: Creating customer value. Pearson Canada.
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